modern theory of logistics in the conceptual plan is based on: the methodology of system analysis; cybernetic approach, operations research, economic and mathematical modeling.
at different economic levels to address specific problems using various methods, including program-oriented planning, activity-based costing, macro-and microeconomics, forecasting, modeling, etc.
scientific base of logistics are:
• mathematics (probability theory, mathematical statistics, theory of random processes, mathematical optimization theory, functional analysis, matrix theory, factor analysis, etc.);
• operations research (optimal programming game theory, statistical decision theory, queuing theory, inventory theory, theory of networks and graphs, etc.);
• Engineering Cybernetics (The theory of large systems, forecasting, general management theory, theory of automatic control, identification, information, etc.);
• Economic Cybernetics and economics (the theory of optimal planning, methods of economic forecasting, marketing, systems analysis of economic, strategic and operational planning, optimal pricing, simulation, total quality management, personnel management, distribution, sales organization, entrepreneurship, finance, accounting, project management, investment management, social psychology, economics and organization of transport, warehousing, trade, etc.).
complexity and variety of complex economic and mathematical disciplines, located at the intersection of economics, mathematics and cybernetics, led to the following basic principles of logistics:
1. Systematic approach.
manifested in the consideration all elements of the logistics system, often of different quality and diverse as interrelated and interacting to achieve a common goal of management. A distinctive feature of this approach - optimization of a functioning than individual elements, and the entire logistics system as a whole.
2. The principle of integrity.
characterizes the peculiarities of the logistics system to achieve targeted results based on quantitative and qualitative components of the relationship its elements.
3. The principle of integrity
mean bringing control inputs to all the structural elements of the logistics system based on the information ensure that the objectives of the system. Also means the initial assessment of the logistics system as a whole, which consists of interacting, often of different quality and diverse, but compatible to results orientation of logistics system elements.
4. The principle of supply coordination.
mean the need for a coherent, integral part of all links of the logistics system in the management of material, information and financial flows in the pursuit of the objective function.
5. The principle of global optimization.
is the need to harmonize local purposes the operation of elements (links) is a system to achieve optimum whole logistics system to optimize its structure or management it.
6. The principle of effectiveness.
implies the ability to supply the system at a given level of development of market relations and manufacturing technologies and characteristics of the subjects of this system is fundamentally possible to achieve a minimum of logistical costs.
7. The principle of total costs.
means taking into account all aggregate costs of materials management and related information and financial flows in the supply chain. The criterion of minimum total logistics costs is a major in the optimization of logistics systems.
8. The principle of specificity.
means a clear definition of finite result as the aim of moving the flux in accordance with technical, economic and other requirements for ensuring the implementation of traffic at the lowest cost of all resources.
9. The principle of sustainable adaptation.
logistics system should work steadily at tolerances parameters and environmental factors (such as fluctuations in market demand for end products, changes in the conditions of supply or purchase of material resources, transportation rates, etc.). At the same logistics system must adapt to new conditions by changing the program operation, the parameters and optimization criteria.
10. The principle of flexibility.
Lets implement the principle of sustainable adaptation by incorporating into the logistic system of mechanisms, making it possible to predict the trends in the external economic environment and develop appropriate actions to them.
11. The principle of comprehensiveness.
involves monitoring of the challenges facing the different logistics structures direct and indirect participants movement of resources and products that make up a unified logistics chain in order to coordinate their actions.
12. The principle of building infrastructure.
mean requirement to ensure the logistics process of technical, economic, organizational, legal, personnel, and environmental subsystems.
13. Principle reliability.
means ensuring reliability and safety of traffic flow, backup communications and technical means for changes in required trajectory flow; widespread use of modern means of movement and motion control, increasing the speed and quality of information flow and improving the technology of its processing.
14. The principle of constructive.
provides for dispatching thread and operational adjustments of its movement and careful identification of details of all operations of the supply activity to continuous otslezhivaniya peremeshteniya and changes kazhdogo obaekta flow.
15. Principle vseobshtego kachestvom offices.
Trebuet obespecheniya reliability funktsionirovaniya and high quality work on each element of the logistics system to ensure the overall quality of goods and services supplied to end users.
Provides logistics management focus primarily on preventing deviations, distortions, and not just to search for a possible elimination of their negative effects.
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