elements (links) logistics system in a certain amount of order logistics Chain (supply chain)
These concepts are not clearly demarcated, and sometimes the terms "logistics system", "logistics network", "logistics chain" and "supply chain" used as synonyms, especially in the foreign logistics practice.
The dictionary ANNEX supply chain is defined as "the union of all types of business processes (Design, production, sales, service, procurement, distribution, resource management, support functions) needed to meet demand product or service - from initial receipt of raw materials or information to the delivery of the final consumer.
In this definition, the supply chain interpreted as the integration of basic logistics functions from the beginning of nucleation of information or service in accordance with the requirements of end users.
in the terminological dictionary APICS present two interpretations of the supply chain:
• the process of purchasing the finished product, associated companies: the supplier - The consumer;
• functions inside and outside the company needed in the value chain to deliver products and service consumer.
As seen from the above definitions, the focus when considering the logistics chain (supply chain) as the object of research or management is made at that chain - a sequence of pairs of interconnected units (divisions of the company and / or its logistics partners) - the supplier - the consumer, "by which goods are delivered to the final consumer, organized in such a way as to satisfy a given goal. It does not impose any conditions on the linear ordering parts supply chain.
in the terminological dictionaries AN Rodnikova states: logistics chain - is a linearly ordered set physical and / or entities (suppliers, intermediaries, transporters, etc.) directly involved in bringing a specific batch of product to the consumer.
Other domestic researchers in the field of logistics give the following definition: logistics chain - the set of links in the logistics system, ordered by the primary and / or accompanying the flow in accordance with the parameters of the order the end user within the functional area logistics or logistics kanala18.
In this regard, logistics chains are normally designed in separate functional area of \u200b\u200blogistics. In this logistic chain of supply connects single supplier with the central company, in production - could be considered as a set of intra-links of the logistics of conducting the flow of material resources and finished goods to warehouse finished products The manufacturer, in the distribution - connects the manufacturer / supplier of finished products with the end point of sales.
Moreover, for every functional area of \u200b\u200blogistics source option of forming supply chain is customer's order.
in the logistics chain, ie, the chain of which are trade and information flow from supplier to consumer, highlighted such major units as procurement and supply of materials, raw materials and semi-manufactures, storage products and raw materials, production of goods distribution, including the shipment of goods from the warehouse of finished products, consumption of finished products. Each link in the supply chain includes its elements, which together form the material basis of logistics: Vehicles and their development, warehousing, communications and management. Logistic system covers and frames, ie, those employees who perform all the successive operation and guidance system as a whole.
Formation of the logistics chain can be targeted by a legal merger and acquisitions firm. Formation of such a chain can also occur through the voluntary cooperation of various services, departments and firms that relevant a way of legally and organizationally issued.
supply chain tend to create compliance with the modular principle in management. This takes into account two seemingly mutually exclusive principles: collaboration and cooperation, on the one hand, and competition - on the other. This raises the possibility of using free resources supply chain participants in order to smooth out fluctuations in external conditions. The flexibility of the resulting supply chain allows special one-time supply (through the established with the network of channels of distribution and transportation) to smooth consumption peaks. Inevitable risks at the same time significantly reduced.
information between the individual elements of the logistics chain are implemented using a set of modern means for processing and transmitting information. Usually, this computerized system for collecting and processing information. For their construction using local computer networks, providing a pass-through and information processing and two-way access to external networks.
construction and research logistics chains, formed by information and financial flows, is of great practical importance, since the movement of material resources and finished products asynchronously, ie, does not coincide with the associated flow of information and funds. For example, information that are shipped and is on the way, comes to the buyer before the product itself. The time of the sale of goods and logistics services are usually separated from the date of receipt of goods or services (eg prepaid). In addition to discrepancies in time, the studied streams divorced and separated in space. Problems arising from the nonisomorphism flows, significantly complicates the adoption of effective logistics solutions and require constant attention.
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