In foreign practice, among other mikrologisticheskih concepts over the last decade a large widely different versions of the concept / technology logistics, demand-driven "(demand-driven techniques, DDT). This concept is mainly developed as a modification of the concept of RP "Planning needs / resources" - improving the response to changing consumer demand. The most famous are the four versions of the concept: "the point of order (perezakaza)", "quick response", "continuous replenishment" and "Automatic replenishment.
concept of "point of order (perezakaza) (rules based reorder RBR) uses one of the oldest methods of control and inventory management, based on a point of order (perezakaza) ROP (reorder point) and the statistical parameters of the flow of products. Concept is used to determine and optimize the level of insurance reserves for elimination of fluctuations in demand. The effectiveness of ROP methodology to a large extent depends on the accuracy of demand forecasting, so was the practical application only since the development of information technology, with the advent of the possibility to receive and process information On the demand side of each point of sale with the help of modern telecommunication and information and computer systems. This also contributed to the new flexible manufacturing technologies that significantly reduce the duration of production and logistics cycles.
scope of the concept of RBR - a level control insurance reserves, and in those or other options for determining points of order are used other methods "to respond to demand."
Mikrologisticheskie concept "Rapid response", "continuous replenishment" and "automatic replenishment," based on the methodology of "reactive response" to alleged demand by the concentration or rapid replenishment at the points of the market, close to the predicted increase in demand. These concepts are defined similarity, as the aim at minimizing the response time of the logistics system to changes in demand and even for preventive management solutions stocks of finished products, anticipating demand dynamics.
concept of "rapid response" (quick response, QR) is the logistics co-ordination between retailers and wholesalers to improve the promotion of the finished product in their distribution networks in response to anticipated changes in demand. This concept is carried out by monitoring sales in the retail and wholesale transfer of information on the volume of sales for the specified nomenclature and range, and from wholesalers - producers of finished products. Information support provides separation of the "rapid response" between retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers. For example, retailers can
require the manufacturer to reduce the duration production period from 15 to 13 days, and replenishment of stocks _ from suppliers - from six to three days. Advances in information technology facilitates reducing uncertainty in the timing of delivery of finished goods, production and replenishment, opening up opportunities as flexible interaction partners in integrated logistics networks. Applying the concept of "rapid response" to reduce the stocks of finished products to the required level but not below a value capable of quickly meet consumer demand, and at the same time significantly improve inventory turnover.
Concept "Continuous replenishment" (continuous replenishment, CR) is a modification of the concept of "rapid response" and is designed to eliminate the need for orders to replenish stocks of finished products. The purpose of this strategy - the establishment of an effective logistics plan for a continuous replenishment finished goods inventories at retailers. Through the daily processing of information on sales at retailers and shipments of finished goods from wholesalers supplier (manufacturer) calculates the required demand in quantity and assortment of goods. Then agreement is reached between supplier, wholesalers and retailers to replenish their stocks of finished goods by signing the purchase commitments. Provider-based processing information about sales and forecast demand is continuous (or high frequency) resupplies at retailers, either directly or through wholesale brokers. In some cases, a through freight or direct delivery of finished products to retailers, bypassing wholesalers. According to the concept of "continuous replenishment" for efficient operation requires two main conditions: firstly, should provide reliable Information from retailers and reliable delivery of finished products and, secondly, the size of consignments must meet the maximum load capacity vehicles.
further development of strategies for "rapid response" and "continuous replenishment" was a logistical concept "Automatic replenishment" (automatic replenishment, AR). This concept provides the suppliers (manufacturers of finished products), the necessary set of rules for making decisions on product characteristics and categories.
Product category represents a combination of size, color and related products usually presented together in a particular retail outlet network. By applying the strategy of automatic replenishment "supplier can meet the needs of retailers in the product category by eliminating the need to track individual sales and inventory levels for goods fast implementation. Inventory management at retailers increases the responsibility of the supplier for delivery reliability and maintenance level stocks in accordance with demand. This strategy also allows retailers to reduce costs associated with the formation of commodity stocks.
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