Mikrologistika in the book really is examining ways and methods for optimizing traffic arriving at the company, processed there and outgoing flows of book production and related economic flows.
main logistics system considered in mikrologistike, an enterprise. In this case, the logistic chain, through which material and other economic flows, consists of various services of the enterprise (Units engaged in supply, production of goods or services, their implementation).
In mikrologistike enterprise can be considered as a whole, while its internal structure is not taken into account. With this approach are studied and optimized input and output streams that connect the enterprise with suppliers and customers.
mikrologisticheskih In other studies, the focus can be concentrated on the internal structure of the enterprise, in this case is investigated and optimized in-house movement processes of economic flows.
Mikrologisticheskoe study of large enterprises or associations as the object of research may have the following structure: enterprise (association, the holding company), the direction of multi- enterprise (business), a division of the company, and separate logistic functions and processes.
purpose mikrologisticheskih studies on the structure of any form is the logistic optimization of its activities aimed at better meet customer requirements (in accordance with Rule "Seven H" Rule of Seven H ").
As a consumer may make intercompany units (for example, a warehouse bookstore consumer storage service is a showroom).
From a consumer perspective, the effectiveness of the logistics system depends on the level provided logistic services, ie ability to create utility for consumers. The greater utility of the proposed logistics system sistemalogisticheskaya consumers the more they are willing to pay for them.
In logistics there are four types of utility.
useful forms created in the process of converting raw materials in the final product (in the book business - in the edition), ie mainly in the industrial sector (publishing and printing). Operations Presales performed in the book trade.
utility space formed by the movement of goods in a place where there is demand for them and where the buyer more convenient to buy them.
usefulness of time manifests itself in offering products to consumers at a convenient time for them when they need them.
Usefulness Ownership is formed by providing a transition of ownership of the goods (sales process), the most acceptable way for a buyer with a proposal additional services, etc.
last three types of utility are mainly in the wholesale and retail book trade, although some additions usefulness (eg, publishing, advertising) can be implemented by producers.
Creating useful at a cost. Material flow (the flow of services) moving from the entrance to the logistics system out of it, increases in value. Mikrologistiki problem - to provide the output stream from the enterprise as a можно больше полезностей для потребителей и при этом с оптимальными затратами. Для этого все службы предприятия должны предоставлять своим «внутренним» customers, ie other services they perform services in accordance with the Rule of Seven H "major logistical rule" seven H ": ensuring our customers he needs the goods in the required amount with the required quality at the right place at the right time with the best cost. Only in the case of such rule will operate a warehouse, the purchasing department, IT department, technical services, etc., employees of a trading hall bookstore can, get the optimum range of services from their partners, to provide services to the required quality of end customers, who came to him for books. Logistics should ensure consistency activities of departments and services company with one another, as well as with the mission of the company, which will reduce costs and improve the quality and usefulness of the produced goods (services rendered).
But in terms of the current (operational) activities of the subdivisions of their functioning could be controversial. For example, warehousing services for optimizing warehouse protsessskladskogo process may be interested in a clear timetable for delivery of goods in the showroom. Employees salesroom, in turn, would receive the goods from the warehouse at the time when he needed them. In this situation the problem of logistics to find a compromise especially taking into account the interests of the buyer, who came into the store. Buyer is to book the goods available on the market, it was available, ie was in the shop floor all the time. How to provide this challenging demands of customers, depending on the capabilities (resources) of a specific book shop. General will be only one - will require coordination of efforts of all the services the store and its supplier partners. At the same time solve the problem must be with the best cost, otherwise the retail price of the proposed store books may rise so that customers will find another store, a competitor in which the level services (including price) would be more suitable for them.
Thus, the application of logistics in the enterprise provides for the implementation of specific departments or individuals for their functional responsibilities "teamwork", ie desire to achieve a common goal based on the logistic the concepts of compromise, the total cost, cooperation, etc.
In publications devoted to problems of logistics, the following stand out the most obvious and measurable quantifiable results of the logistics:
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reduction of stocks of goods. Keep in mind that most of the working capital and publishing, and bookselling companies diverted into reserves tovarnyetovarnye stocks. Maintenance costs (including damage, obsolescence or other losses) are a significant portion of the costs;
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reduce the time spent in the production of goods (publishing, printing) and the sales cycle. Today the time required to print circulation is a fraction of the time required to implement this edition, including the time for storage, warehousing, transportation and other logistics operations;
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reduce transport costs, it becomes increasingly important with the growth in transport tariffs and the need to expand the geography of sales. The development of book trade in Russia should move towards increasing the share of sales attributable to the regions.
Logistics optimization of the company consists of three directions:
Improved parameters of input flows of resources through improved communications with suppliers.
Improving internal flows, ie results and synergies business units (primarily due to staff development, motivation).
Improving communication with customers, a better match Pvyhodnyh flows of goods and services to their requirements (Fig. 15Ris. 15. Directions logistics optimization of the enterprise).
input, internal and output streams are divided into several species (on components of their resources): physical, informational, financial, personnel, service. Each type of flow requires the optimization, but it should followed an integrated approach: all threads must be interconnected. Only the coordination of all flow parameters among themselves eventually give an optimal result.
For example, when entering the wholesale enterprise edition of the book (material flow) need to be appropriately are organized following streams:
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flow of information - employees of the company should already have information about the shipment, in order to prepare to receive the goods;
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stream financial - to pay for delivery to the delivery of goods or do it in a different time specified in the contract;
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flow of human resources - to ensure availability at the time of receipt of the employees who must perform the receive operation on the input stream enterprise;
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flow service - to provide a service provider, such as rapid and high quality reception of goods, rapid awareness arising when receiving discrepancies, etc.
Thus, optimization of logistics enterprise as a logistics system involves the following areas:
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first, optimizing the flow at all stages: receipt from the supplier, the movement within the enterprise, going beyond the enterprise to the recipient;
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secondly, the optimization of all kinds of economic flows in the complex, in vzaimosvyazke.
And, both areas of logistics optimization involves exclusion or minimization of unproductive operations (searching, waiting, wasteful of resources and routes of travel, etc.). For this tend to simplify and standardize operations, reduce duplication of functions performed, etc.
illustrate the application of logistics at individual enterprise examples taken from practice AP Biblio-Globus.
Some time ago this store was a study aimed to optimize the logistical links between internal departments Retail Bookselling business. The aim of the first phase of the study was identification of "bottlenecks" in the way of the flow of goods within the TD book "Biblio-Globus.
Promotion book goods in TD "Biblio-Globus" presented main stages of the movement of book products. The study showed that the power of three main divisions who use physical movement of goods, varied. The largest power department has admission. If we accept his capacity as 100%, then the capacity of the warehouse and salesroom was respectively 60 and 50%. Consequently, the product distribution chain there is a "bottleneck" and it is a trading hall. Thus, it is this critical resource must be given attention to explore opportunities to increase its capacity.
Promotion book goods in TD "Biblio-Globus, showroom is directly related with buyers, so some of the problems caused by the trading floor problems buying flows. Because the study was performed on mikrologisticheskom level, then it does not address issues of optimization of input buying flows. We note only that the intensity of the customer flow to a large depends on the quality range of commercial enterprise and service levels. What they are higher, the more buyers. Bookstore may, in very limited degree of influence on the buying flow fluctuations on the clock trading and Seasonality sprosasezonnym periods. For example, through premium reductions for those who makes a purchase during the hours of low intensity. Or through an advertising campaign calling for the purchase of textbooks to do in advance, not during rush demand.
And yet, the buyer purchases the book, when it is convenient, so shop floor workers must adapt to the nature of buying flows. Consequently, a major focus of the joint optimization "trading floor - the buyer" was found to improve traffic Sellers during the workday. This refers to the following:
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fluctuations customer flow must adequately meet the fluctuations in numbers sellers engaged in service on the trading floor (more visitors - more sellers and vice versa);
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release the seller from technical operations. As shown practice, this exercise can improve the implementation of 25%. The first seller was exempted from the operations order books from a warehouse that is currently in TD "Biblio-Globus" holds the computer system automatically;
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rationalizing distribution sellers in sections, taking into account breadth of assortment, customer flow in each section features work with different kinds of books, quantity purchases, etc.;
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training vendors. Have been identified two types of basic services provided by sellers to buyers: sales of books and accompanying this major process facilities. Respectively can distinguish two types of sellers:
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focused mainly on the sale of books;
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focused mainly on providing services to customers.
Highly seller combines these two orientation that gives him the opportunity to sell a lot of the high quality associated services (to inform buyers of individual approach, taking pre-orders, etc.). More problems of sales in the sales area will be discussed in the chapter "Logistics retail sales."
Once identified ways to optimize the trading floor, researchers have paid attention to optimizing the joint "Warehouse - showroom. Here the main focus of logistics optimization was considered improvement "avtodozakaza", ie computer system Order based on single copy sales record for each title. At the desired time of the computer system informs the warehouse need Showroom in a certain number of copies. This frees retailers from having to make an order manually, avoiding mistakes in orders, faster procedure order fulfillment and receiving books on the trading floor.
When optimizing interface "suppliers - Front Reception TD" Biblio-Globus "identified the following problems:
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created by suppliers - a mismatch between actual delivered goods and the goods indicated in the documents by number, output mismatch these books listed in invoices and invoices, delivery of books not on a fixed schedule, which inevitably leads to uneven input;
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internal - lack of parking space for cars, the shortcomings of planning and equipment of the reception.
These problems have created losses which were assessed in 30% of the time.
Styk "suppliers - Front Reception TD" Biblio-Globus can be optimized by:
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prior (Pending the receipt of books) posts information provider (electronically) and the delivery of samples;
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tightening requirements for vendor performance delivery schedule and the rules of documentary support supplies;
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streamline planning and equipment of the reception;
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delivery of goods directly to the trading floor, bypassing the warehouse.
Thus, the results of TD "Biblio-Globus" logistics study determined the direction of optimize the flow of goods within the book store.
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