most widespread in the world of logistics concept is the concept of "just-in. The term" (Just-in-time, JIT). She appeared in the late 1950's. When the Japanese company, Toyota Motors, and then other automotive companies in Japan have begun to actively introduce mikrologisticheskuyu system KANBAN. The name of this concept later gave the Americans also tried to use this approach in the automotive industry. Original slogan of the concept of "just in time" had the potential exclusion of stocks of materials, components and semi-finished products in the manufacturing process of car assembly and their main units. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe concept of JIT is the following: if the production schedule is set (while abstracting from demand or orders) then we can arrange the movement of material flows that all materials, components and semi-finished products will be delivered in the required amount at the right place (on the assembly line - pipeline) and precisely the appointed time for the manufacture or assembly of finished products. In this case, insurance stocks are immobilized cash firm, no longer needed.
Glossary ELA defines the concept of "just in time" so - this approach to succeed, based on sequential elimination of waste (under the losses are defined as any action, do not add value to the product). It is also the delivery of materials necessary time and right place.
concept of "just in time" was the basis for subsequent implementation of logistics concepts / technologies, such as "flat" or "Lean" manufacturing and logistics value added. "
logistic positions with the concept of "just in time" implies that the flows of material resources carefully synchronized with the need for them, given the production schedule of finished products. Such synchronization is not that otherwise, as the coordination of two basic logistics functions: supply and production management. This concept has been successfully applied in the distribution, systems, sales of finished products and makrologisticheskih systems. With this in mind it can give the following definition.
concept of "just in time" - a modern concept / technology of the logistics system in manufacturing (operations management), logistics and distribution, based on synchronization delivery processes of material resources and finished products in required quantities to the time when the links logistics system in need of them, to minimize the costs associated with stockpiling.
concept of "just in time" is closely connected with the components of the logistics cycle. In the ideal case material resources or finished goods to be delivered to a certain point of the logistic chain (channel) at the precise moment when they have a need, eliminating excess inventory, both in production and in distribution. Many modern logistics systems based on this approach, focused short components of logistics cycles, and this requires an adequate response units logistics system to changes in demand and therefore production program.
logistics concept "just in time" has the following main features:
• minimal (zero) stocks resources, work in process, finished goods;
• shorter production (logistics) cycles;
• low-volume production finished products and replenishment (supply);
• Relationship of procurement of material resources with a small number of reliable suppliers and carriers;
• effective information support;
• high quality finished products and logistics services.
introduction and spread of the concept of "just in time" in the world has changed the traditional approach of management to inventory management.
widespread in the logistic practice the concept of "just in time" due to low stocks of material resources, work in process and finished goods; reduction production areas, improving product quality and reduction of the marriage; reduced production time, increased flexibility in changing the range products; high performance and efficient use of equipment; active participation of workers in solving production and technological problems; good relationships with suppliers and others
Objectives "just in time" similar to those planning material requirements - to provide the necessary part of the product at the right time, right place, but how to achieve these objectives and the results are completely different. While the planning system needs in materials based on the calculations, the system of continuity based on industrial engineering. There are many distinctive features of the system "accurately in time ", which are manifested in practice in any kind of activity in the company of any form of ownership in the manufacturing or non-productive sector economy.
Implementing the concept of "just in time" begins with answering the questions as the products will be sold and whether it can be easily manufactured. If these Questions answered in the affirmative attention switches to the development process itself.
work the logistics system, modeled on the concept "Just in time", can be represented as dvuhbunkernuyu inventory management system. One tank is used to meet demand in manufacturing and marketing respectively, for material resources or finished goods, the other - is replenished by the consumption of the first. Emphasis is placed on the placement of equipment in such a way as to ensure a continuous production process. Where possible, automation is introduced as a process of production and processing raw materials. Often, equipment is placed in the form of a letter U, which promotes teamwork, flexibility of work, cycles in the processing of raw materials and products. When This product developers seeking to standardize the production cycle time and a permanent set of products based on monthly production plan throughout the system. This practice makes the production process into a cycle of at least a month.
Thus, the production of finished products small quantities in a relatively short production cycles determines the duration of cycles of supply of material resources.
Theoretically ideal size of an order for the base system "just in time" is one unit, but this is usually not realized due to the high costs of marketing and processing each order.
Logistic Systems using the principles of the concept of "just in time" are "pulling" systems {pull systems), in which the placement of orders to replenish stocks of material resources or finished goods occurs when the number of them in certain links of the logistics system reaches a critical level. At the same stocks, "pulled" through distribution channels from the suppliers of material resources or logistics intermediaries in the distribution system.
The concept of "just in time" is played by the demand that determines the further movement of raw materials, components, semi- and finished products. Short cycles in the components of logistics systems that use this approach, contribute to the concentration of the major suppliers material resources near the firms engaged in the process of manufacture or assembly of finished products. The firm tries to choose a small number of suppliers, a high degree of reliability of supply, since any disruption in supply could disrupt production schedules.
In practical implementation the concept of "just in time" the key role played by the quality of products. Japanese automotive firms initially implementing the principles of this concept and mikrologisticheskuyu KANBAN system in production, have changed the approach to monitoring and quality management at all stages of the production process and the subsequent service. This eventually resulted in the already mentioned above, the philosophy of total quality management. The concept of "just in time" contributes to the control and maintain the level of product quality in the context of all the components of the logistics structure. Mikrologisticheskie systems based on this approach associated with synchronization of all processes and stages of the supply of material resources, production and assembly, delivery of finished goods to consumers assume the accuracy of information and forecasting. This explains, in particular, and the short components of the logistics (production) cycles. For effective implementation of JIT technology should work with reliable telecommunications systems, information and computer support.
Modern JIT technology and logistics systems have become more integrated and combined from the various options for logistics and production concepts distribution systems, such as systems that minimize the stocks in the supply channels, logistics systems to quickly switch, align inventory levels, group technology, preventive flexible automated manufacturing, modern logistics system of general statistical control cycles of product quality, etc. Therefore, at present such technology usually referred to the new version of the concept of "just in time" - Concepts JITII.
main purpose of the logistics concept JITII is the maximum integration of all logistical functions of the firm to minimize inventory levels in the integrated logistics system, providing high reliability and quality of products and services for maximum satisfaction consumers. Systems based on the ideology of JITII, using flexible manufacturing technology release small amounts of finished goods group range based on the early prediction of consumer demand.
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