preconditions for the development of logistics
prerequisite for the development of the domestic logistics was the elimination of economic conditions for the reproduction of monopolistic tendencies.
said the chief reasons that since the mid 60-ies., In the economically developed countries, there sharp increase in interest in the logistics concept.
first reason - the development of competition caused by the transition from a seller's market to a buyer's market. Competitiveness applying the logistics of the subjects was provided by sharply reducing the cost of goods, improve reliability and quality of supply (regulated time, the lack of marriage, the possibility of breaking bulk, etc.).
The second reason for the need for logistics in the economy - energy crisis of the 70-ies. Increased energy costs forced employers to seek methods to improve efficiency of transport. Moreover, to effectively address this problem only through the rationalization of transport impossible. It requires concerted action by all parties combined logistics process.
Possibility of logistics in the economy caused by the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress (STP) in the areas of production and treatment. As a result of STP are created and begin to apply a variety of tools for working with material and information flows. Appears opportunity to use equipment that meets the specific conditions of logistics processes. At the same time crucial for development of logistics has a computerized management of logistics processes.
Creating and massive use of computers, the emergence of standards for information transmission provide powerful information systems development, both at the level of individual enterprises, and covering large areas. Became possible to monitor all phases of product - from the primary source of raw materials through all the intermediate production, storage and transport processes to the final consumer.
Therefore, logistics is a relatively young and rapidly developing science. Many questions concerning to its conceptual apparatus and terminology are constantly being refined and modified, filled with new content.
Logistics - a special sphere of activity, studying the collection of material, transport, financial, monetary, labor, information and other streams by means of which interaction between objects of the system.
need to find new sources of competitiveness of firms and of exhaustion them within the firm led to the expansion zone research reserves, their search not only in the parts of the firm (both production and nonproduction) but also outside it. In addition, the idea is not to optimize the individual components of industrial and commercial process, and their combination. It is to optimize the utilization of the resource potential of the firm.
Logistics enables economic actors to form a strategy of effective policies to ensure its competitive advantage based not on abstract market orientation, and aiming for a specific user. In this case, the logical thinking involves a much wider range of issues than just managing the physical distribution of products. For adoption by qualified solutions that enhance the competitiveness of firms in a market of confrontation, should be at the level of operations research, representing the estimated basis for a decision, to formalize as much information that adequately describes itself as a firm and its surrounding external environment. Achievement these goals and serves as a logistics, which marks the transition from the descriptive and empirical to the abstract and theoretical level of research.
Logistics closely linked to economic cybernetics and econometrics. First found application in military affairs, it is widely used in industry, logistics security, trade, transport, banking, services, utilities and other areas of the market economy.
main idea of \u200b\u200bthe logistics lies in the fact that all stages of production (extraction of raw materials, obtaining materials, products, manufacturing of finished products), transportation and marketing regarded as a single and continuous process of transformation and movement of labor and product related information.
Logistically, of particular importance have the directions for improving the production process, the division of labor, the deepening of specialization and cooperation, it robotization, the introduction of flexible manufacturing systems, the emergence of resource-saving technologies, the development of modern means of communication.
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