Concepts logistics
In order to obtain the necessary quantitative assess and make informed and specific management decisions made within the concept of logistics, it is necessary to give precise definitions used in logistics concepts.
Below are the definition and specification of the concepts.
object of the study of logistics as a science and object management as a logistics business sectors is a system of material, informational, financial and other flows. The principal Unlike logistic approach from his previous motion control of material resources is that now the object of control was the flow - A set of objects, understood as a whole.
main categories are the logistics flow and reserve, which can not exist without each other. Obviously, in the long term all combined resources are presented in the form of streams, and stocks can be regarded as special cases of the latter. But in the short run in pragmatic terms acceptable and appropriate consideration of flows and stocks as a parity logistics categories.
concept of flow
flow - it is one or many objects, which is perceived as an entity that exists as a process at a certain time interval and measured in absolute units. Flow at certain times may be stocks of resources, work in process or finished products. Secrete a number of basic parameters that characterize the flow: its start and end points, the geometry of the path (trajectory), the path length (a measure of the trajectory), speed and travel time, intermediate points, the intensity.
flow parameters characterize the number of objects that are available in a particular time and measured in absolute units. Between the static values \u200b\u200bof stocks and dynamic characteristics of flow are closely interrelated.
Categories flows and stocks are widely used in macroeconomic models, though no less profound and detailed elaboration, which is necessary in logistics. Flows and stocks in the logistics are a special case of generalized economic categories, however, like logistic pattern - private manifestation of the general economic laws. In a number of economic studies difference between flows and stocks is far from obvious.
main parameters that characterize flow: its start and end points, the geometry of the path (trajectory), the path length (a measure of the trajectory), the speed and travel time, intermediate points, the intensity.
logistics operations and logistics function
logistical operation - is any action that is not subject to further decomposition, directed to transform the material and its associated streams (loading, unloading, labeling, collection of information, communication, etc.).
Logistics operations with the material flows in the area of \u200b\u200btreatment is an operation of loading, unloading, transportation, integration, warehousing, distribution, sacking.
logistics operations with material flow in production can be reduced to the placement of orders, management, storage, selection equipment producers and suppliers, planning and dispatching of the production process, accounting and inventory management.
logistics operations information flows are reduced to information systems development and implementation of these systems of action for the collection, storage, processing and transfer of Information accompanying the material flows, these flows are initiating and administering them.
logistics operations of financial flows are reduced to conduct cost analysis at all stages of economic activity, to budgeting for the entire program and dli1 its individual missions and operations with material and information flows, as well as to control costs and inventories, expressed in monetary terms.
logistic function - one of the main concepts of logistics, which can be defined as a set of logistics operations, aimed at achieving the goals set for the logistic system or its elements (links). Most scientists and experts in logistics for the basic (core) logistics functions include procurement, production and selling (distribution). The total list of logistics functions is quite broad: order management, inventory management, transportation, storage, materials handling, packaging, service, etc.
Main FLOWS
material flow - it's products (various items, parts, inventory values) were considered in the annexes of various logistics (loading, unloading, sorting, etc.) and / or process steps (cutting, forging, casting, assembly, etc.) and referred to a specific time interval.
Cash flow - it's directional movement of funds circulating in the logistics system, as well as between the logistics system and the environment necessary to ensure the efficient movement of certain commodities flow. Follows from this definition: logistic flow of funds - is not just the movement of financial resources, and their direction of traffic direction movement of financial resources in logistics necessitates the movement of the relevant commodity flow.
Information stream - an ordered set of messages circulating in the logistics system, logistics system and between the external environment, you need to manage streaming process. Exists in different forms (verbal, paper or magnetic media, etc.).
flow of services - a special kind of satisfying social and personal needs (transportation, wholesale and retail, consulting, information, etc.). Services may be provided by people and equipment in the presence of clients and in their absence, being designed to meet both personal needs and the needs of organizations.
Logistic system
Logistics System - a collection of elements (links) that are in relationships and connections between them and forming a certain integrity that is used flow control.
Link logistics system - functionally separate object, not subject to further decomposition under construction logistics system that performs its own local objective associated with certain logistical functions and operations.
links of the logistics system There are three basic types: generating, transforming and absorbing material and the accompanying information and financial flows. Frequent mixed links of the logistics system in which these three basic types of links are combined in various combinations. In the links of the logistics system material (informational, financial) flows can converge, fork, break up, change their content, parameters, intensity, etc. As links of the logistics system can serve enterprise-suppliers of material resources, manufacturing enterprises and their divisions, sales, trade, intermediary organizations at different levels, transport and shipping companies, stock exchanges, banks and other financial institutions, businesses information and computer services and communications, etc.
logistics chain
logistic chain is an ordered set of physical and / or legal persons carrying out logistical operations to ensure customer-specific products. It is also the sequence of technological and logistics operations in any production, which is under common control.
in the logistics chain, ie chain, which forms the product and information flows from supplier to consumer, divided into the following main units: the purchase and delivery of materials, raw materials and semi-manufactures; storage products and raw materials; production of goods distribution, including the shipment of goods from the warehouse of finished products, consumption of finished products. Each link logistics chain includes its elements, which together form the material basis of logistics. Tangible elements of logistics include: transport resources and their development, warehousing, communications and management.
Logistic system, of course, covers and frames, ie, those workers that perform all the successive operations and guidance system as a whole.
Formation of the logistics chain can be purposefully through a legal merger and acquisition firms. Formation of such a chain may also occur through the voluntary cooperation of various services, departments and firms that appropriate legal and institutional executed.
Rules logistics
There are seven rules of logistics:
1. The product should be required to the consumer.
2. The product should be of appropriate quality.
3. The product must be in the required amount.
4. The product should be delivered at the right time.
5. The product must be delivered to the right place.
6. The product should be delivered at minimal cost.
7. The product should be delivered specific to the consumer.
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