to ensure positive synergies and forming optimal horizontal the relationship between partners requires streamlining the process of collecting data on the actual movement of material flows.
storage of information should be organized so that you can make quick search and use necessary information.
Collecting data about the elements of material flows should be fast and with a high degree of confidence.
most modern method is the automatic data capture and identification gruzoedinitsy. This is achieved by scanning (computer readout) mounted on gruzoedini-chain related labels that contain special barcodes. The very same reading by using the optical, most of the laser scanners.
With the introduction of electronic exchange data and the continuing search for opportunities to reduce time and reduce unnecessary costs to add the cost of bar-coding system has contribute.
dashed, or strip codes {bar codes), are a combination placed in a fixed rectangle on gruzoedinitse alternating thick and thin black stripes, separated by bright (nezachernennymi) intervals of varying widths. Each of the ten digits (and some characters), encoded by their combination of these elements. Such combinations for each coding system, ie, for each type of bar code, are specific.
For maximum efficiency of the system requires the full integration of electronic data interchange systems, automatic identification (bar code) and the system of shipping, receiving and processing of material resources. The key point is to get control of material resources in real time processing capability and communication through electronic data interchange.
There are practically used by several types of bar codes, each of which has its purpose and scope of pre-emptive. Consider these types of bar codes in more detail.
dashed code type ITF-14, a limited rectangular frame, has the property taken from a greater degree of uniqueness in comparison with other bar codes are not in such bounding box. So he applied to be applied to the corrugated packaging and any uneven surfaces. This code used for marking shipments, placed in appropriate shipping containers.
for logistics management in addition to other bar codes used are also well known, not enclosed in a rectangular frame, the code 128. It is used to mark lot number, manufacturing date, a valid term implementation, etc. The barcode 128 is a continuous bi-Controllable variable-length code and allows you to display 128 characters ASCII.
Code 128 - code of high density, the distinguishing feature is the ability to encode a hundred pairs of integers, doubles the density record in providing bar code digital data.
Signs of a bar code 128 consists of three bars and three spaces. Strokes, and intervals are modular construction, and their width ranges from one to four modules. The width of the sign is 11 modules. An exception is the stop sign, which consists of 13 modules and has four strokes, and three intervals.
Example of traffic lights.
Each character code 128 can have three values \u200b\u200bdepending on the control sign in front. Select one of the three characters "Start" means treatment by encoding one of the three subsystems (A, B, C). The transition from one subsystem to another in the code number can be carried out by an appropriate sign of the "Shift".
in turnover (especially in retail trade and the supply of goods for export) exclusive use of bar code type found EAN (European Article Numbering). Using a special device cashier reads (scans) the code at the time of sale of goods.
After reading and writing of a product bar code computer cash register identifies this item, find the relevant details, visualizes their on-screen display and prints out the receipt.
Barcode EAN 13 is continuous and has a fixed length and high density recording allows you to display 13-digit number from 0 to 9.
code mark may be expressed by eight (EAN8) or 13 (EAN13) figures, while in the second case actually encodes only 12 digits. Signs of the bar code EAN consist of two bars and two spaces.
line images of 12 (8) digits add up to character code EAN. Boundary signs (long dashes - signs start and end character) define its boundaries, the symbol of divided into two parts, separated by commas (long strokes in the center of the character).
structure of such code is completely defined. In accordance with this structure, the figures that occupy certain areas of the code mark for EAN, have some merit.
unique for each type of product bar code symbol consists of 13 digits, coded in accordance with the Code EAN. and assigned to the product of the species still in the preparatory phase of its production.
Two or three left figures represent the country code of the manufacturer, set for it by the EAN. This part of the code word is also called a flag. For example, such codes (flags), some countries are: U.S. - 00 ... 09; CIS - 460 ... 469, Germany - 400 ... 440; Japan - 48, 49; Israel - 729, Sweden - 73, etc.
The next four digits are used for placing the code of the manufacturer.
remaining digits of the code, except the last, 13th, diverted to the manufacturer for coding its products at its discretion.
last, the 13th digit is a control. It is calculated as a certain manner on the basis of the first 12 digits that uniquely identifies the type of product. Certain calculated check digit is applied in the space her place code word simultaneously with the main part of the code word. After scanning the code word on the entered 12 digits, identifies this product again
calculated check digit is determined. The calculated value of the check digit is compared with its introduction value. If these two values \u200b\u200bdo not match, input has been carried out incorrectly. Typically, entry errors are eliminated during the second scan, although sometimes This may not be enough.
The variant, when the country code for the manufacturer is given two signs, and for the company code - five. Must also remember that the bar code does not carry information on the classification of goods, ie country code (first two or three digits), and the company code (four to five digits) and product code (five digits) (unique and unrepeatable) for this product and are at the same time the number of goods in the data bank where it is registered. Therefore, the first two or three digits - is the country code, or number of the country in an international data bank.
Take, for example, digital code 4 The first two digits (40), when read from left to right, indicate the country of the manufacturer (or seller) of the product (the "flag of the country"), in this case - Germany. The following five (18,993) - the manufacturer. Another five (40,478) - the name of the goods. And finally, the last digit (7) - control used to validate the previous reading digit code scanning system. Check digit code, you can identify yourself with the help of mathematical operations.
should note one important circumstance. Unique 13-digit number applied to the goods in the form of bar code represents only the memory address of the computer where the arrays are listed product information. This information can be visualized either have to move across the network information system in sync with the movement of material flow, formed by the relevant goods.
A variety of barcode EAN 13 bar code is the UPC. This continuous code with fixed length and high density recording allows you to display 12 digits from 0 to 9. There are two variants of the code UPC - a UPC-A and UPC-E. Code UPC-A has the same code table as EAN 13, encoded by the strokes, having four widths. Fig. 7.8 shows the structure of the barcode UPC-A.
Generally this code is almost similar to the EAN 13, except that in the first EAN 13 the figure is encoded implicitly. There is even some confusion in terms.
viewing information on some sites, you can see that the code called EAN Package UPC. These codes are in general similar, but they should not be confused, so the prefix of EAN 13 first number 0 is assigned to the U.S. and Canada. Barcode UPC {Universal Product Code) was developed in 1973 to application in the U.S. retail and Canada. Currently defined codes are three versions of UPC: A, E and D. Version D is currently being used.
following system barcode Interleaved used in many fields for encoding digital data and is an international standard code for marking packaging units of delivery.
Code Interleaved is a continuous bi-directional con-troleprigodnym code of variable length and can encode digital information (the numbers 0 through 9).
Interleaved code can be used in automated systems for identification of storage objects, luggage in airports; numbering airline tickets, identification of postal items and other
Barcode Interleaved belongs to a family of codes, "two out of five and has five elements in the sign two of which are broad.
feature code Interleaved is a representation of pairs of figures in the signs of the bar code with five bars and five spaces. At odd positions (counting from left to right) numbers are represented by dashes, and at even - at intervals (alternating). Encoding data with an odd number signs written in front of "0".
In the binary image of a wide bar or wide the gap is identical to the "1", a narrow bar or narrow the gap - "0." Value the width of the wide and narrow elements is not less than 2.5: 1. Sign "Home" consists of two narrow bars and two narrow gaps, stop sign - one wide stroke, one of the narrow bar and a narrow gap.
course, there are methods of manual input gruzoedinits identifiers, such as a keyboard. These methods do not require a notation with the help of special bar codes and automatic scanning devices. However, experience shows that people with manual input makes mistakes about 10,000 times more frequently than they occur in the automatic scanning.
Therefore, the bar code must be present on all goods that can be directed for export.
In logistics facilities management are the material flows, consisting both of individual units of goods and transport units of the parties. Note that the product is identified and supplied to consumers by the piece only in the store, ie, at the end of the movement material flow. At the same throughout all of the suppliers of raw materials, through production units, through wholesalers and retail distributors to various expeditionary units and commercial databases material flows represent the movement of freight packages together, unified Tar, container, pallets, tape, etc. Along with the earlier introduction of standards for pallets, containers and other standardized packaging, is currently the association EAN offers standard and the marking of the cargo units.
In accordance with the standard information about this cargo unit is placed in a unified label.
The size of the standard labels: vertical 148 mm horizontal and 210 mm. As can be seen from the figure, it consists of three parts: A, B and C. The area
A bar code is applied as contained in the cargo unit of the goods, ie, previously considered the EAN 13. In addition, it houses a bar code that displays the information about retention periods, as well as information that uniquely identifies the labeled loading unit. Thus, in this zone is formed by a common bar code, called UCC/EAN-128. This unified code uniquely identifies the loading unit, on which it appears, and its contents.
located at sites in information about the cargo unit in the form of an alphanumeric sequence in a readable form. These data can be entered into the computer system using keyboard.
Section C provides the complete disposal of the consignor. Here he can place any data in text form or as a graphic images. This label is applied to all four sides of the loading unit (container) in a certain place.
If the computers into which the Enter the bar and other relevant identification codes included in the integrated information system, the information entered is accessible to all members of supply process, in accordance with their powers.
thus ensuring cross-cutting system of accounting and control the movement of material flow at all stages and parts of the source of supply of raw materials, manufacturing, all types of warehousing and distribution finished products. Relevant information when it is available to all partners involved in the production and sales activities.
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