When I began to delve into more detail in the subject met with such terms as "gender". To tell the truth before anything about him never heard but now I see that even a dictionary genderskih terms. Therefore found the definition, or rather a few continue to give them.
WHAT IS GENDER?
Gender is a definition of men and women on the basis of their social role. This is not the same as that sex (biological characteristics of men and women), and not the same, that woman. Gender is determined by the concept of tasks, functions and roles, intended society to women and men in their social and personal life.
[Gender Aspects: Practical Applications.
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation]
gender approach differs in that it focuses on women and men, but not for women alone. Gender approach highlights:
differences between the interests of men and women even within the same household, how they interact and are expressed;
tradition and hierarchical representations that determine the position of women and men in the family, community and society in general, by which men usually dominate women;
differences among women and men based on age, wealth, national supplies and other factors;
direction of change in gender roles and relationships, often occurring quite rapidly as a result of social, economic and technological trends.
[Wijk and Francis, 1999]
Gender equality means equal enjoyment by women and men socially valuable goods, opportunities, resources and rewards. Gender equality does not mean that men and women are equal, but that their opportunities and life chances are equal.
Gender analysis takes into account the social and economic differences between women and men at every stage of policy development to:
identify potentially different impact of policies, programs and legislation that affects women and men;
provide equivalent results for women and men, boys and girls, the conduct and planning of measures.
[Canadian International Development Agency]
Make Gender an integral factor in relation to water defined by the World Water Vision is as follows:
«Gender approach includes consideration of both practical and gender needs, such as improving conditions for women through the provision of water and sanitation close to home and strategic gender needs: improving women's status in society increases its awareness of the situation and the ability to take solutions and affect change. Gender approach also seeks to prevent further burdening women and emphasizes the importance of not strengthen and perpetuate the traditional roles automatically. This implies the need to address both men and women because men must change their attitude and behavior to support this process. "
[World Water Vision, 1999]
word "gender" from grammar zaimstvovoval and introduced into the behavioral sciences sexologist John Money, who in 1955 in the study of intersexuality and transsexualism required to separate, so to speak, obschepolovye property, sex as a phenotype of sexual-genital, sexual and erotic and sexually prokreativnyh qualities. Then it became a widely used sociologists, lawyers and American feminists. In this case, it has always been a multi-valued.
In the social sciences and especially in feminism, "gender" acquired a narrower meaning, denoting the "social sex", that is socially constructed roles, identities and activities of men and women, not dependent on biological sex differences, but on the social organization of society. Central place in gender studies to the problem of social inequalities between men and women.
word gender in English, the distinguished masculinity or femininity of the person, some characteristics or non-human organism. The division into male and female is similar to the division into male and female in bilogii.
In countries where the development of documentary Proof of identity, social sex is usually the same as set forth in documents the floor, ie passport floor, excluding cases of transgender
Gender (social sex) in a broad sense, does not necessarily coincide with the biological sex of the individual with his or her sex education or with his / her passport floor.
normally in society we can distinguish two genders - male and female, but a set of genders is much wider community, there are four or more genders. Social sex witch, for example, did not coincide with the social gender of ordinary women and the social role was closer to the male social floor.
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